Molecular and biological characterisation of Cryptosporidium in pigs

OBJECTIVE: Genetic and biological characterisation of 12 isolates of Cryptosporidium from pigs and comparing them with Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and cattle. DESIGN: Cryptosporidium isolates from pigs were compared with those obtained from human and cattle using rDNA sequence analysis. The infectivity of two of the porcine isolates was determined in neonatal mice and the clinical history of the infected pigs recorded. RESULTS: Pig-derived isolates of Cryptosporidium exhibited two distinct genotypes; a porcine genotype and a bovine genotype, which is common to cattle and other livestock. The porcine genotype did not produce any infection in neonatal mice whereas the bovine genotype did. CONCLUSION: Two distinct genetically and biologically differing strains of Cryptosporidium appeared to be associated with acute diarrhoea in pigs. Whether Cryptosporidium was a primary or secondary pathogen is unclear but warrants further investigation. As the bovine genotype is known to infect humans, the results suggest that pigs can act as reservoirs of cryptosporidial infections for humans and other live-stock. The zoonotic potential of the pig-adapted genotype is uncertain and requires further study.     

以党的十六大精神为指导,努力创建一流大学

认真学习十六大报告,切实贯彻十六大精神,对建设一流大学起着十分重要的指导作用。一流大学在大学内部表现为追求卓越的目标定位、指标评定,在大学与社会关系中表现为社会的认可。目前,"综合性、研究型、开放式"的办学模式是我国创建一流大学的共同目标。在我国,要建设国际上有影响的一流大学,必须在近几年打下坚实基础。     

Monitoring of atrazine treatment on soil bacterial,fungal and atrazine-degrading communities by quantitative competitive PCR

We report the development of quantitative competitive (QC) PCR assays for quantifying the 16S, 18S ribosomal and atzC genes in nucleic acids directly extracted from soil. QC-PCR assays were standardised, calibrated and evaluated with an experimental study aiming to evaluate the impact of atrazine application on soil microflora. Comparison of QC-PCR 16S and 18S results with those of soil microbial biomass showed that, following atrazine application, the microbial biomass was not affected and that the amount of 16S rDNA gene representing 'bacteria' increased transitorily, while the amount of 18S rDNA gene representing fungi decreased in soil. In addition, comparison of atzC QC-PCR results with those of atrazine mineralisation revealed that, in response to atrazine treatment, the amount of atzC gene increased transitorily in soil pre-treated with atrazine, suggesting that accelerated atrazine biodegradation in soil could be due to a transient increase in the size of the atrazine mineralising community.     

茶秆竹高生长模型的比较及组合选择

通过对 5种 S增长模型的比较及组合选择 ,结果表明 :S增长模型都具有单调性、渐近性和拐点 ,此特征能客观地反映诸多自然和经济规律 .通过一定的加权组合 ,用多个增长模型来反映 S变化过程 ,可以提高拟合的精度 ,多个模型的组合要优于单个模型 .用加权模型可以很好地反映茶秆竹的高生长过程 ,在实际生产中可选择 yp2 或 yp 3 组合     

水稻光敏不育系GB026S在山东济宁的育性表现

1 999～ 2 0 0 1年在山东济宁对粳型光敏不育系GB0 2 6S进行了种植试验。经对其花粉镜检和套袋自交结实率调查证明 ,8月 3日至 9月 1日期间 ,花粉不育率 1 0 0 % ,套袋自交结实率低于 0 5 % ,不育性稳定。70个杂交稻组合的母本不育株率全部为 0。山东济宁自然条件下种植 ,没有可育期 ,可保证制种纯度 ,在山东济宁具有良好的应用前景。     

Brucellosis in Argentina

Brucellosis has been recognized in Argentina since the 19th century. Several studies demonstrated the presence of the disease in most of the domestic species. Actually, the estimate of prevalence is that between 10 and 13% of the farm animals are infected with bovine brucellosis with an individual rate of 4–5%. The annual economical losses have been estimated at US$ 60,000,000. The control of bovine brucellosis began in 1932 and successive resolutions have been issued since then. The current resolution indicates that B. abortus S19 is mandatory in female calves between 3 and 8 months of age. The vaccine strain B. abortus RB51 was provisionally approved but only for cattle older than 10 months of age. The brucellosis control program consists principally of test and slaughter. This methodology has been successful mainly in the dairy farms that have the incentive due to increased pricing because of obtaining a low prevalence of the disease. Brucellosis has been found in porcine, caprine, ovine and canine species. All Brucella species have been found in the country. Human brucellosis is an important disease and a national coordinated diagnostic net has been formed to better control the disease in man.     

鸡病毒性关节炎病毒C-98分离株S1基因的克隆与序列分析

提取鸡病毒性关节炎病毒（AVAV）内蒙古分离株（C-98株）总RNA，参考GenBank中禽呼肠孤病毒（ARV）S1133株S1基因序列设计了2对引物，应用RT—PCR技术扩增了病毒S1基因，将S1基因cDNA克隆到pGEM—T Easy载体后测序。将测定序列拼接后与参考毒株ARV-176、ARV-138、ARV-S1133、MDRV—YJL的S1基因序列进行了比较。结果显示，AVAV C-98分离株的S1基因与强毒株ARV-176株的同源性最高，达99．9％；与MDRV—YJL的同源性为99．3％，与弱毒疫苗株ARV—S1133的同源性也达97．9％；与ARV-138株的同源性最低，为81．2％。表明，AVAVC-98株与参考毒株的差异较小，与疫苗株ARV-S1133有很高的同源性。     

18S rRNA／rDNA序列分析技术在瘤胃原虫分类学研究中的应用

作者指出了反刍动物瘤胃原虫分类学研究中的难点，介绍了原虫分类学中新兴的分子生物学指标(18S rRNA／rDNA序列同源性)，综述了18S rRNA／rDNA序列分析技术在瘤胃原虫分类研究中的应用。     

斑点叉尾(鮰)嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从发生在四川、重庆等省市的斑点叉尾(鮰)急性流行性传染病病鱼的肝脏、肾脏内分离到1株高致病性菌株(CCF00024),人工感染健康鱼表现出与自然病鱼相同的症状,并从中分离获得同种细菌,证实其为斑点叉尾(鮰)急性流行性传染病的病原菌.形态、生理生化检测表明,该菌为非发酵型直杆菌,严格需氧,革兰氏阴性,极生多鞭毛,对除麦芽糖和甘露糖以外的多种糖类不利用产酸,氧化酶阴性,DNA酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性,MR、VP阴性.在以该菌16S rDNA序列(GenBank登录号AY970826)和GenBank及RDP数据库内同源性较高的细菌16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树中,分离菌CCF00024与嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)聚在一簇,特别是与S.maltophilia M5-1的同源性最高,序列相似性达99.6%,结合形态和生理生化特点将其鉴定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia).药敏试验结果表明,对磺胺甲(口恶)唑、磺胺异(口恶)唑、阿齐霉素、洛美沙星高度敏感,而对新霉素、卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素,头孢唑啉、先锋霉素V和链霉素不敏感.     

Validation and application of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for representative rumen bacteria

Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for 11 representative rumen bacterial species were validated. The sensitivity was tested by using the serially diluted target 16S rDNA from respective bacterial species. The recovery of the target DNA and the assay reproducibility were determined using DNA from rumen fluid spiked with different quantities of the target. Minimum detection levels for the target were 10–100 copies in pure culture. The recovery of the added target ranged from 82.4 to 116.6%. The intra‐ and inter‐assay variations of each assay were <9.4 and <12.6%, respectively. Therefore, the real‐time PCR assays evaluated in the present study are considered to be sufficiently reliable for monitoring all 11 bacterial species in the rumen. The assays were then applied to the monitoring of the bacterial species attached to ruminally incubated rice straw. Among the monitored fibrolytic species, Fibrobacter succinogenes was found to be the most dominant, accounting for 2.61% of total bacteria after 24 h incubation. Selenomonas ruminantium and Streptococcus bovis, non‐fibrolytics, were detected on the rice straw at 8.96% and 1.16% of total bacteria, respectively. Such high levels of non‐fibrolytics on the plant fiber suggest a synergistic relationship between fibrolytics and non‐fibrolytics.